Biological principles have been at the heart of the success of many AI approaches over the past decades, and the field of biology, particularly evolutionary theory, serves as a prime candidate to become the primary conceptual foundation for the future of adaptive intelligent systems. This two-part course will first explore the current state of bio-inspired artificial intelligence and computation, including neural systems, collective systems, evolutionary algorithms, and artificial life. It will then analyze the relationship between evolutionary processes and both natural and artificial intelligence, followed by a deep dive into recent advances in evolutionary theory, the shifting conceptual understanding of evolution, and the potential ramifications for the future of AI.